The Election-Doctrine under the Contracts Disputes Act
Under the federal Contract Disputes Act, a construction contractor seeking to overturn a contracting officer's final decision must either file a notice of appeal to a board of contract appeals within 90 days of the decision or file a complaint in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims within a year after the decision.
The options are intended to be mutually exclusive, but Government Contracts Litigation discusses the circumstances in which it's prudent for the contractor to do both.